Trends since 2000-01
Each chart shows the outcome (actual figures; hollow markers are revised estimates where actuals aren't out yet) and, where useful, what was announced in the budget.
Borrowing: fiscal deficit, % of GDP
How much the Centre borrows to cover the gap between spending and income.
- Outcome
- Announced in the budget
- Estimate (no actual yet)
Show as table
| Year | Outcome | Announced in the budget |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-01 | 5.7% | – |
| 2001-02 | 6.1% | 4.7% (BE) |
| 2002-03 | 5.9% | 5.3% (BE) |
| 2003-04 | 4.5% | 5.6% (BE) |
| 2004-05 | 4.0% | 4.4% (BE) |
| 2005-06 | 4.1% | 4.3% (BE) |
| 2006-07 | 3.5% | 3.8% (BE) |
| 2007-08 | 2.7% | 3.3% (BE) |
| 2008-09 | 6.0% | 2.5% (BE) |
| 2009-10 | 6.4% | 6.8% (BE) |
| 2010-11 | 4.9% | 5.5% (BE) |
| 2011-12 | 5.7% | 4.6% (BE) |
| 2012-13 | 4.8% | 5.1% (BE) |
| 2013-14 | 4.4% | 4.8% (BE) |
| 2014-15 | 4.1% | 4.1% (BE) |
| 2015-16 | 3.9% | 3.9% (BE) |
| 2016-17 | 3.5% | 3.5% (BE) |
| 2017-18 | 3.5% | 3.2% (BE) |
| 2018-19 | 3.4% | 3.3% (BE) |
| 2019-20 | 4.6% | 3.3% (BE) |
| 2020-21 | 9.2% | 3.5% (BE) |
| 2021-22 | 6.7% | 6.8% (BE) |
| 2022-23 | 6.4% | 6.4% (BE) |
| 2023-24 | 5.6% | 5.9% (BE) |
| 2024-25 | 4.8% | 4.9% (BE) |
| 2025-26 | 4.4% (RE) | 4.4% (BE) |
| 2026-27 | – | 4.3% (BE) |
Budget at a Glance, % of GDP as printed in each budget. 2000-01's budget did not print the ratio.
Spending and money raised without borrowing
The gap between the two lines is the year's borrowing.
- Total spending
- Raised without borrowing
- Estimate (no actual yet)
Show as table
| Year | Total spending | Raised without borrowing |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-01 | ₹3.26 lakh crore | ₹2.07 lakh crore |
| 2001-02 | ₹3.62 lakh crore | ₹2.21 lakh crore |
| 2002-03 | ₹4.14 lakh crore | ₹2.69 lakh crore |
| 2003-04 | ₹4.71 lakh crore | ₹3.48 lakh crore |
| 2004-05 | ₹4.98 lakh crore | ₹3.72 lakh crore |
| 2005-06 | ₹5.06 lakh crore | ₹3.60 lakh crore |
| 2006-07 | ₹5.83 lakh crore | ₹4.41 lakh crore |
| 2007-08 | ₹7.13 lakh crore | ₹5.86 lakh crore |
| 2008-09 | ₹8.84 lakh crore | ₹5.47 lakh crore |
| 2009-10 | ₹10.24 lakh crore | ₹6.06 lakh crore |
| 2010-11 | ₹11.97 lakh crore | ₹8.24 lakh crore |
| 2011-12 | ₹13.04 lakh crore | ₹7.88 lakh crore |
| 2012-13 | ₹14.10 lakh crore | ₹9.20 lakh crore |
| 2013-14 | ₹15.59 lakh crore | ₹10.57 lakh crore |
| 2014-15 | ₹16.64 lakh crore | ₹11.53 lakh crore |
| 2015-16 | ₹17.91 lakh crore | ₹12.58 lakh crore |
| 2016-17 | ₹19.75 lakh crore | ₹14.40 lakh crore |
| 2017-18 | ₹21.42 lakh crore | ₹15.51 lakh crore |
| 2018-19 | ₹23.15 lakh crore | ₹16.66 lakh crore |
| 2019-20 | ₹26.86 lakh crore | ₹17.53 lakh crore |
| 2020-21 | ₹35.10 lakh crore | ₹16.92 lakh crore |
| 2021-22 | ₹37.94 lakh crore | ₹22.09 lakh crore |
| 2022-23 | ₹41.93 lakh crore | ₹24.55 lakh crore |
| 2023-24 | ₹44.43 lakh crore | ₹27.89 lakh crore |
| 2024-25 | ₹46.53 lakh crore | ₹30.78 lakh crore |
| 2025-26 | ₹49.65 lakh crore (RE) | ₹34.06 lakh crore (RE) |
| 2026-27 | ₹53.47 lakh crore (BE) | ₹36.52 lakh crore (BE) |
Budget at a Glance: total expenditure; total receipts minus borrowings.
Interest payments as a share of revenue
Paise of every rupee of revenue receipts that go to interest on past borrowing.
- Estimate (no actual yet)
Show as table
| Year | Interest / revenue receipts |
|---|---|
| 2000-01 | 51.6% |
| 2001-02 | 53.3% |
| 2002-03 | 50.8% |
| 2003-04 | 47.0% |
| 2004-05 | 41.5% |
| 2005-06 | 38.2% |
| 2006-07 | 34.6% |
| 2007-08 | 31.6% |
| 2008-09 | 35.6% |
| 2009-10 | 37.2% |
| 2010-11 | 29.7% |
| 2011-12 | 36.4% |
| 2012-13 | 35.6% |
| 2013-14 | 36.9% |
| 2014-15 | 36.5% |
| 2015-16 | 37.0% |
| 2016-17 | 35.0% |
| 2017-18 | 36.9% |
| 2018-19 | 37.5% |
| 2019-20 | 36.3% |
| 2020-21 | 41.6% |
| 2021-22 | 37.1% |
| 2022-23 | 39.0% |
| 2023-24 | 39.0% |
| 2024-25 | 36.7% |
| 2025-26 | 38.1% (RE) |
| 2026-27 | 39.7% (BE) |
Budget at a Glance: interest payments ÷ revenue receipts, same document and column.
Capital spending as a share of all spending
Roads, railways, defence equipment and other assets, versus day-to-day spending.
- Estimate (no actual yet)
Show as table
| Year | Capital / total spending |
|---|---|
| 2000-01 | 14.7% |
| 2001-02 | 16.8% |
| 2002-03 | 18.0% |
| 2003-04 | 23.2% |
| 2004-05 | 22.8% |
| 2005-06 | 13.1% |
| 2006-07 | 11.8% |
| 2007-08 | 16.6% |
| 2008-09 | 10.2% |
| 2009-10 | 11.0% |
| 2010-11 | 13.1% |
| 2011-12 | 12.2% |
| 2012-13 | 11.8% |
| 2013-14 | 12.0% |
| 2014-15 | 11.8% |
| 2015-16 | 14.1% |
| 2016-17 | 14.4% |
| 2017-18 | 12.3% |
| 2018-19 | 13.3% |
| 2019-20 | 12.5% |
| 2020-21 | 12.1% |
| 2021-22 | 15.6% |
| 2022-23 | 17.6% |
| 2023-24 | 21.4% |
| 2024-25 | 22.6% |
| 2025-26 | 22.1% (RE) |
| 2026-27 | 22.8% (BE) |
Budget at a Glance. 2002-03 to 2004-05 capital spending includes repayments to the National Small Savings Fund, so those years read high.
Revenue deficit, % of GDP
Borrowing used for day-to-day spending rather than for building assets.
- Outcome
- Announced in the budget
- Estimate (no actual yet)
Show as table
| Year | Outcome | Announced in the budget |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-01 | 4.1% | – |
| 2001-02 | 4.3% | 3.2% (BE) |
| 2002-03 | 4.4% | 3.8% (BE) |
| 2003-04 | 3.6% | 4.1% (BE) |
| 2004-05 | 2.5% | 2.5% (BE) |
| 2005-06 | 2.6% | 2.7% (BE) |
| 2006-07 | 1.9% | 2.1% (BE) |
| 2007-08 | 1.1% | 1.5% (BE) |
| 2008-09 | 4.5% | 1.0% (BE) |
| 2009-10 | 5.2% | 4.8% (BE) |
| 2010-11 | 3.3% | 4.0% (BE) |
| 2011-12 | 4.4% | 3.4% (BE) |
| 2012-13 | 3.6% | 3.4% (BE) |
| 2013-14 | 3.1% | 3.3% (BE) |
| 2014-15 | 2.9% | 2.9% (BE) |
| 2015-16 | 2.5% | 2.8% (BE) |
| 2016-17 | 2.1% | 2.3% (BE) |
| 2017-18 | 2.6% | 1.9% (BE) |
| 2018-19 | 2.4% | 2.2% (BE) |
| 2019-20 | 3.3% | 2.3% (BE) |
| 2020-21 | 7.3% | 2.7% (BE) |
| 2021-22 | 4.4% | 5.1% (BE) |
| 2022-23 | 4.0% | 3.8% (BE) |
| 2023-24 | 2.6% | 2.9% (BE) |
| 2024-25 | 1.7% | 1.8% (BE) |
| 2025-26 | 1.5% (RE) | 1.5% (BE) |
| 2026-27 | – | 1.5% (BE) |
Budget at a Glance, % of GDP as printed.